As the temperatures drop and you start relying more on your wood or pellet stove to keep your home warm, ensuring you have a reliable fuel supply is crucial. However, storing wood and pellets properly is just as important as having them in the first place. Proper storage not only preserves the quality of your fuel but also ensures it burns efficiently and safely. Here’s what you need to know about storing wood and pellets to get the most out of your woodstove or fireplace this heating season.

The Importance of Proper Storage

Moisture Control: The biggest threat to both wood and pellets is moisture. Proper storage keeps your fuel dry, ensuring it burns efficiently and produces maximum heat.

Wet wood is difficult to burn, produces more smoke, and generates less heat. Check the moisture content of your wood before burning  –  firewood should have a moisture content of 15% to 20%¹

Pellets, being compacted sawdust, can easily disintegrate if exposed to moisture, rendering them useless.  Pellets should have a moisture content of 5% to 10%².

Pest Prevention: Storing wood improperly can attract pests such as insects and rodents. These pests can damage the wood or create infestations in and around your home. Pellets can also attract pests if not stored in a secure, dry place.

Convenience: Proper storage makes it easier to access your fuel when you need it, saving you time and hassle during the cold months.

Storing Firewood

Choose the Right Location: Store your firewood in a location that is off the ground and at least 4 feet away from your home. Keeping wood directly on the ground can cause it to absorb moisture, while storing it too close to your home can invite pests inside. A well-ventilated woodshed or a stack of wood on a raised platform or pallet is ideal.

Stacking Firewood: Stack your firewood neatly to promote air circulation. Proper airflow helps the wood dry out faster and stay dry. The best way to stack wood is in a crisscross pattern, which allows air to circulate through the pile. Be sure to stack wood bark-side up to help shed rain.

Covering Firewood: While you want to protect your wood from rain and snow, it’s important not to cover the entire stack with a tarp or plastic sheet, as this can trap moisture. Instead, cover just the top of the stack, leaving the sides open to allow air circulation. If you’re storing wood in a shed, make sure the shed is ventilated.

Seasoning Your Wood: Freshly cut wood, or “green” wood, needs to be seasoned, which means it must be dried out for at least 6-12 months before it’s burned. Seasoned wood has a moisture content of less than 20% and burns more efficiently. If you’re buying wood, ask whether it’s seasoned or green, and plan accordingly for storage. You can test the moisture content using a moisture meter available from most specialty hearth retailers and hardware stores.

Properly stored firewood should be good for use for about 3 to 4 years³, but it is important to check the moisture content

Storing Wood Pellets

Keep Pellets Dry: Unlike firewood, pellets are highly susceptible to moisture, which can cause them to break down and become unusable. If possible, store pellets in a dry, indoor location. If you must store them outside, keep them in a waterproof container or tightly sealed bag.

Use Proper Containers: Store pellets in sturdy, airtight containers, such as plastic bins with lids. This will protect them from moisture, pests, and other contaminants. Avoid storing pellets directly on the ground; keep them elevated on pallets or shelves.

Temperature Considerations: While pellets don’t require the same airflow as firewood, storing them in a cool, dry place is still important. Extreme heat can cause pellets to break down over time, while cold, damp environments can lead to moisture absorption.

Order in Bulk: If you use pellets as your primary heating source, ordering in bulk can save you money and ensure you have enough fuel for the season. Just ensure you have adequate storage space that meets the abovementioned conditions.

Additional Tips

Inspect Regularly: Whether you’re storing wood or pellets, it’s a good idea to check your fuel regularly for signs of moisture, pests, or damage. If you find any issues, address them immediately to prevent further loss.

Rotate Stock: Use the oldest fuel first to ensure you’re always burning the driest and most seasoned wood or pellets. This also helps prevent waste.

Keep It Accessible: Store your wood and pellets in a location that’s easy to access during winter. You don’t want to be trudging through snow to retrieve your fuel but remember to keep it at least 4 feet away from your home.

Proper storage of wood and pellets is essential to maintaining a warm, safe, and efficient home during the heating season. By keeping your fuel dry, protected, and easily accessible, you’ll ensure it burns efficiently and provides the heat you need when you need it. Take the time to store your wood and pellets correctly, and you’ll enjoy a cozy and trouble-free winter.

¹ US Environmental Protection Agency

² US Department of Energy / energy.gov

³ Chimney Safety Institute of America